Identifying key signatures with sharps (remember that the tonic is a minor second up from the last sharp):
Identifying key signatures with flats (the tonic is the next to last, or penultimate, flat in the key signature):
Writing key signatures with flats (write flats until you go one past the name of the key):
Writing key signatures with sharps (determine the sharp note that is a minor second below the name of the key):
Finally, remember that:
- In C major, all the notes are natural.
- F major has one flat.
- Every other key named for a natural note (i.e., D, E, G, A, and B) has a sharp or sharps in it.
- Except for F (one flat) every key with flats in the key signature is has a flat in its name (B-flat, C-flat, D-flat, etc.)
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